Battle of Caen in World War II

Clash of Caen in World War II The Battle of Caen was battled from June 6, to July 20, 1944, during World War II (1939-1945). Arranged on the Orne River around nine miles from the Normandy coast, the city of Caen was a key street and rail center point in the district. The city was distinguished by the Allies as an early objective for troops coming aground during the D-Day intrusion. As opposed to rapidly falling, the battle for Caen turned into a ridiculous, granulating undertaking that went on for seven weeks because of serious German obstruction. While an exorbitant battle, the battling around Caen nailed down German soldiers which encouraged Operation Cobra in late July. This saw the Allies breakout of the foothold and move to circle German powers in Normandy. Foundation Situated in Normandy, Caen was distinguished at an early stage by General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Allied organizers as a primary target for the D-Day intrusion. This was generally due to the citys key situation along the Orne River and Caen Canal just as its job as a significant street center point inside the area. Thus, the catch of Caen would extraordinarily repress the capacity of German powers to react rapidly to Allied activities once aground. Organizers likewise felt that the generally open territory around the city would give a simpler line of advance inland rather than the more troublesome bocage (hedgerow) nation toward the west. Given the ideal landscape, the Allies likewise proposed to build up a few runways around the city. The catch of Caen was appointed to Major General Tom Rennies British third Infantry Division which would be helped by Major General Richard N. Storms British sixth Airborne Division and first Canadian Parachute Battalion. In the last designs for Operation Overlord, Allied pioneers expected for Kellers men to take Caen soon after coming aground on D-Day. This would require a development of roughly 7.5 miles from sea shore. D-Day Arriving during the evening of June 6, the airborne powers caught key extensions and big guns positions toward the east of Caen along the Orne River and at Merville. These endeavors viably hindered the enemys capacity to mount a counterattack against the sea shores from the east. Raging shorewards on Sword Beach around 7:30 AM, the third Infantry Division at first experienced solid opposition. Following the appearance of supporting defensive layer, Rennies men had the option to make sure about the ways out from the sea shore and initiated pushing inland around 9:30 AM. Their development was before long halted by a decided safeguard mounted by 21st Panzer Division. Obstructing the way to Caen, the Germans had the option to end Allied powers and the city stayed in their grasp as night fell. Therefore, the Allied ground officer, General Bernard Montgomery, chose for meet with the administrators of the US First Army and British Second Army, Lieutenant Generals Omar Bradley and Miles Dempsey, to build up another arrangement for taking the city. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Qr65E9OPwMrgwlGxrjZfgzzSexc=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Lhx5kQtNLg012QWKrKjCI9MFjJc=/425x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg 425w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xDJHIb305_2HGLR4cbbw_B7yojk=/550x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg 550w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/BcBvjpsJVAL55dfYqtkOo43w3v8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg 800w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3twFr8R2uixzeC-Z_J90wm2IZuA=/800x797/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg src=//:0 alt=Bradley, Montgomery, and Dempsey class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-12 information following container=true /> Lieutenant General Sir Miles C. Dempsey (right) with the 21st Army Group authority, General Sir Bernard Montgomery (focus), and U.S. First Army leader, Lieutenant General Omar Bradley (left), 10 June 1944. Open Domain Quick Facts: Battle of Caen Strife: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: June 6, to July 20, 1944Armies Commanders:AlliesGeneral Bernard MontgomeryLieutenant General Miles Dempsey14 divisions, 8 reinforced/tank brigadesAxisField Marshal Erwin RommelField Marshal Gã ¼nther von Kluge15 divisions, 3 overwhelming tank forces Activity Perch Initially considered as an arrangement for breaking out of the foothold toward the southeast of Caen, Operation Perch was immediately modified by Montgomery into a pincer assault for taking the city. This called for I Corps 51st (Highland) Infantry Division and the fourth Armored Brigade to cross the Orne River in the east and assault towards Cagny. In the west, XXX Corps would cross the Odon River, at that point swing east towards Evrecy. This hostile pushed ahead on June 9 as components of XXX Corps started fighting for Tilly-sur-Seulles which was held by the Panzer Lehr Division and components of the twelfth SS Panzer Division. Because of postponements, I Corps didn't start their development until June 12. Meeting substantial opposition from the 21st Panzer Division, these endeavors were ended the following day. As I Corps moved forward, the circumstance in the west changed when German powers, having been under substantial assault from the US first Infantry Division on XXX Corps right started falling back. Seeing a chance, Dempsey guided the seventh Armored Division to abuse the hole and advance to Villers-Bocage before going east to ambush the left flank of the Panzer Lehr Division. Arriving at the town on July 13, British powers were checked in overwhelming battling. Feeling that the division was turning out to be overextended, Dempsey pulled it back with the objective of strengthening it and recharging the hostile. This neglected to happen when a serious tempest hit the territory and harmed flexibly procedure on the sea shores (Map). Activity Epsom With an end goal to recover the activity, Dempsey initiated Operation Epsom on June 26. Utilizing Lieutenant General Sir Richard OConnors recently showed up VIII Corps, the arrangement brought for a push over the Odon River to catch high ground south of Caen close Bretteville-sur-Laize. An auxiliary activity, named Martlet, was propelled on June 25 to make sure about statures along VIII Corps right flank. Helped by supporting tasks at different focuses along the line, the fifteenth (Scottish) Infantry Division, helped by defensive layer from the 31st Tank Brigade, led the Epsom assault the following day. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/R44sHA0AQT8ahYBh_hsXqVuKJu8=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/nym5LXnGXuQJ1jRivseYheDyrJA=/449x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg 449w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/voIN1OabmJRiBv5uDArbwzjwjF8=/598x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg 598w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/FrzbYsNeLNpIqeOxNdqegsporsY=/898x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg 898w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7ZHhitgt-iWqcy6JWaqA8avWM_g=/898x750/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg src=//:0 alt=Operation Epsom class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-26 information following container=true /> An ammo lorry of eleventh Armored Division detonates in the wake of being hit by mortar fire during Operation Epsom, June 1944. Open Domain Gaining great ground, it crossed the waterway, pushed through the German lines and started growing its position. Joined by the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division, the fifteenth got occupied with substantial battling and repelled a few significant German counterattacks. The seriousness of the German endeavors prompted Dempsey pulling his a portion of his soldiers back over the Odon by June 30. Despite the fact that a strategic disappointment for the Allies, Epsom adjusted the equalization of powers in the district in support of themselves. While Dempsey and Montgomery had the option to keep up a power of stores, their adversary, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, was constrained to use his whole power to hold the cutting edges. Following Epsom, the Canadian third Infantry Division mounted Operation Windsor on July 4. This required an assault on Carpiquet and its contiguous runway which were found west of Caen. The Canadian exertion was additionally upheld by an assortment of authority defensive layer, 21 big guns regiments, maritime gunfire support from HMS Rodney, just as two groups of Hawker Typhoons. Pushing ahead, the Canadians, helped by the second Canadian Armored Brigade, prevailing with regards to catching the town however couldn't make sure about the runway. The following day, they turned around German endeavors to recover Carpiquet. Activity Charnwood Progressively baffled with the circumstance around Caen, Montgomery coordinated that a significant hostile be mounted to frontally attack the city. In spite of the fact that Caens key criticalness had diminished, he especially wanted to make sure about Verriã ¨res and Bourguã ©bus edges toward the south. Named Operation Charnwood, the key targets of the attack were to clear the city south to the Orne and secure scaffolds over the waterway. To achieve the last mentioned, a defensively covered segment was amassed with requests to race through Caen to catch the intersections. The assault pushed ahead on July 8 and was intensely upheld by planes and maritime gunfire. Driven by I Corps, three

International Student Organization Free Essays

Universal understudy association. East Carolina University is a college with enlistment around 30,000 understudies; 299 of them is global understudies from 67 nations. At the point when understudies decide to go to the college; they start another piece of life. We will compose a custom exposition test on Global Student Organization or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Numerous understudies go to concentrate in different urban communities, and a few understudies go to different nations. America is an exceptionally mainstream and high-class training that is esteemed everywhere throughout the world, and obviously a ton of understudies from different nations need to get a degree here. Individuals in various nations carry on in an unexpected way: religion, ethnicity, geographic area and personal satisfaction assumes a significant job in the conduct of individuals. In this manner, understudies that come to America from different nations have more trouble than the individuals who were conceived and hustled here. Outside understudies need time to change in accordance with an alternate culture, an alternate language, and numerous different things. A potential path for global understudy to manage the complexities of ECU joins the International Student Organization (ISA). The ISA help global understudies comprehend American culture and feel increasingly like comfortable by having celebrations, shopping and field trips and a variety of occasions. The ISA , one of more than 200 understudy associations at ECU, is for the most part made out of outside international students, or understudies who were not conceived in America in spite of the fact that. The gatherings and club are available to any individual who needs to join. The principle reason it was arrangement was to offer worldwide understudies a chance to increase a more noteworthy comprehension of the American culture partially through a grounds understanding, and furthermore to offer non-global ECU understudies, with an enthusiasm for one societies, information and involvement with working with people from different foundations. It likewise permits worldwide and American understudies to share understanding and find out about different societies at individual perspective. The ISA helping out International House gives an uncommon direction to worldwide understudies through the â€Å"First companion program† (FFP) with the goal that new understudies don't feel forlorn. Universal Ports O’Call phase of PirateFest The International understudy association was engaged with numerous exercises and occasions. Perhaps the greatest occasion wherein ISA was engaged with was the Pirate celebration. PirateFest allows worldwide understudies to share their way of life to help other people comprehend them etter. This â€Å"annual occasion celebrates eastern North Carolina’s rich history soaks with well known privateers, including the notorious Blackbeard and Greenville’s own Pirates of ECU† (Mike Davis), and urges individuals to wear privateer formal attire caps, blades, and eye patches. The celebration is held more than two days and is made out of various stages, every one of which speaks to an alternate occasion. The occasion includ e food, craftsmanship and specialties sellers and furthermore melodic and stage entertainers. Chronicled streetcar visits stage is a valuable and intriguing piece of the celebration on the grounds that it’s an incredible method to move around the celebration particularly for global understudies who don't have a clue about the area of avenues in the city. One of the most fascinating stages for universal understudies was the â€Å"International Ports O’Call† on the grounds that incorporates music, food, and attractions from countries around the globe, and it will assist worldwide understudies with feeling increasingly like at home and make it difficult to disregard their way of life. For worldwide understudies who are coming to concentrate in another nation it is elusive companions. It is difficult to become acclimated to the diverse conduct of individuals and be available to new colleagues. In this manner, and in collaboration with ISA the worldwide house made the program called â€Å"First companion program†(FFP). To be associated with FFP both tutor and mentee must round out an application, which has questions that help decide the foundation, interests, inclinations and other data expected to help choose the best mentee-mentee coordinate. The FFP is extremely simple in light of the fact that by rounding out an application you realize that you’ll meet somebody who has same interests as you. The FFP encourages worldwide understudies to conform to life at ECU as fast and easily as could be expected under the circumstances, and furthermore upgrade fulfillment with their scholarly and social experience. This program is valuable for understudies since they won't feel desolate and yearning to go home, they can meet new companions and furthermore worldwide understudies can take in the subtleties of culture from within, just as be progressively fruitful in learning. Other than schoolwork, tests and grades, an understudy public activity is fun, yet it isn't in every case simple to discover diversion that are consistently appreciate. Numerous universal understudies don’t have a vehicle and along these lines their potential outcomes are constrained, yet the worldwide house â€Å"every Friday makes shopping trips†(William Mallett). Drivers take understudies where they need to proceed to return them to home in the wake of shopping. Additionally every Thursday understudies can go to scenic route outings. Playing sports and associating in the outside air, helpful and simultaneously you can see new pieces of the city just as make new companions. The vast majority accept that concentrating in an alternate nation is a benefit since they can encounter different societies, and gain from them. Be that as it may, in the United States it isn't in the same class as they suspected in light of the fact that International understudies have substantially more weight being in this nation, and some of the time they can't deal with it quite well. Along these lines, in the United States the life of a worldwide understudy is truly troublesome if individuals contrast it with the life of an American understudy. Worldwide understudies need to become familiar with another dialect to examine, they can't work while contemplating, and their educational cost is substantially more costly. At the point when individuals moves to the United Stated to consider they envision that it will be useful, and they accept that learning another dialect won't be an issue. Nonetheless, when they truly begin considering their major, they discover that it is difficult since individuals need to truly comprehend and value the language. Global understudies need to truly learn English, and they need to realize how to compose it so as to have achievement. Additionally, for them to have accomplishment in college they need to take part in class, and break down a measure of readings, and in light of the fact that they are global understudies, it is hard to accomplish since they accept that Americans are going to chuckle at them or make jokes of them on the off chance that they state something erroneously. For instance, a few Americans don't understand once in a while how hard is for universal understudies being in an alternate nation, with various individuals, learning another dialect, and encountering various societies, so some of them don't generally value the exertion that worldwide understudies put on being in the United States. It’s way more weight for worldwide understudies. They must have passing marks and work as hard as could reasonably be expected, supposing that not individuals back home going to put a great deal of disgrace on them and their folks. Concentrating in various nation it is consistently rivalry for worldwide understudies, however on the off chance that understudies pick right University where individuals care about global understudies and attempting to help it shouldn’t be that difficult. Global understudy association unquestionably helps understudies from different nations feel increasingly good and less achy to go home, so they would you be able to do best in classes to contend with other understudy on a similar level. Work refered to. Mike,Davis. â€Å"Arrrgh you prepared for Pirate Fest? † East Carolinian, 12 April 2012 . Web. 1 November. Mallet,William â€Å"International Student Organization. † 30 october. 2012 MALLETTW@ecu. edu Personal page Office of International Affairs www. ecu. edu/intlaffairs/ Step by step instructions to refer to International Student Organization, Essay models

2018 Wait List Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2018 Wait List Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2018 Wait List Update Starting this past Monday (5/7) and ending in the late afternoon today, we will finalize our decisions for all students on the Wait List. Due to the fact that our deposit numbers are slightly above the level that we predicted for next year, we are very limited in the number of offers we are able to make. We will be making all Wait List decisions in the same manner as our other admission decisions, where a decision will be displayed on the status page and an email will be sent shortly after a decision is made to alert the applicant that a status change has occurred. Admitted students have a two-week Commitment Deposit deadline from the acceptance date. We will not be calling students about the Wait List, but instead will be using the status page for the decision release. In reviewing the students who we admitted off the Wait List, there were a variety of individual reasons for the offers that were made. As such, I cannot give an overarching reason for the decisions. We did take into account our earlier reviews of the files, along with a wide range of information that we had on hand. For those many strong students we were not able to admit from the Wait List, we thank you for choosing us as one of the options for your higher education. We wish you the very best of college success. We understand that this is not the news you were hoping for, and we very much appreciate your patience “waiting on the Wait List.” Please remember that there are a number of complex reasons why the University made the final decisions it did, and we respectfully remind all that this blog cannot be used for comments about why you or other individuals did or did not get admitted in the Wait list process. We hope that our quick turn around of the Wait List situation has allowed you and your family to make plans on a much earlier time frame that initially projected.

Justice Is Unfair Or Unjust - 1189 Words

When one hears the word, justice, one would think of the courts and how people are dealt out punishment based on the law. One may also think of several court cases where the outcome may have been unfair or unjust. It is interesting how justice is perceived by people as justice can mean several things to people, like what is true justice? How is a sentence deemed fair? Most people believe that true justice is when a sentence is given to someone and that the sentence chosen is in line with the crime committed by the person who is deemed guilty. However what if there was a person who committed a murder but had a mental illness. Is it fair to give him the death sentence? Some would say yes because they killed someone, however others would†¦show more content†¦Though Arthur didn’t want to kill his wife, whom he loved so dearly, the King wished for true justice to prevail so he ordered his wife to be executed in the name of the law. Here is an example of how the King put hi s emotions in check in order for justice to prevail. However one would wonder whether it was really true justice as the king had forgiven his wife but he had to still attempt to execute her. As such, it can be lead to believe that true justice isn’t real. Though a ruling might seem just to one party, it may be be unfair to another. In the court system one party may receive the proper justice that they wanted but the other may feel as the judgment was unfair. The poet, Langston Hughes dealt with this matter through his poetry. In his poem, â€Å"Justice†, Hughes calls justice a â€Å"blind goddess† (Hughes â€Å"Justice† 1) that only â€Å"we black are wise† (Hughes â€Å"Justice† 2). By doing so he is calling out that justice is unfair, in the context of his poem, he is relating to the matter regarding black rights in America during the 1900’s. He states that the current justice system is only fair to white people and not black. This helps to prove the point that rulings are often unfair especially in regards to racial issues. In the past court cases, blacks were unfairly treated and prosecuted due to the fact that it was deemed at the time that whites were ‘superior.’ However over time this changed though itShow MoreRelatedThe Act of Cheating870 Words   |  4 Pageswant to be on unequal ground with anyone. If you can get an edge you take it. Such is the way of our nature and of our current society. A good example of this is performance enhancing drugs in sports. If a player or team uses it, it gives them an unfair advantage against other teams. Most players and teams respond to this by using those drugs themselves to even the playing field. It’s only fair since the opposing team would have performed drastically better than them if they had not. And by usingRead MorePrejudicial issues in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay753 Words   |  4 Pagesof Atticus. 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Theses two words are commonly linked and correspondsRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr., Lenard Pitts, Henry David Thoreau, And Harper Lee970 Words   |  4 Pages In order for justice to prevail there must be realization that there are unjust occurrences that need to be dealt with, there must be action taken to show how immense the situation is and how rapidly it should be dealt with, and there must be nonviolent demonstrations for superb end conclusions. There are 3 steps in order for justice to prevail which were ideas derived from Martin Luther King Jr., Lenard Pitts, Henry David Thoreau, and Harper Lee. Those three steps will be explained and discussed

Volunteering as a Senior - 1129 Words

Volunteering BACKGROUND Seniors of Christian Academy of Knoxville have to do a Capstone. The Capstone has to do with volunteering and serving others. The seniors try to do something that may be something they want their job to be in the future or what they want to major in in college. I will be volunteering at Young Williams Animal Shelter and Patricia Neal Rehabilitation Center. Paralysis One of the main projects I will be doing during my capstone is working at Patricia Neal Rehabilitation Center with paralyzed people. Working with paralyzed people takes a lot of work and many things that I need to learn. One of the main problems that are paralyzed has emotional problems. Many people get very depressed that have figured out they have been diagnosed with paralysis (â€Å"Caring for the Paralyzed†). Depression in a paralysis patient can get two times worse than people who are not paralyzed (â€Å"Caring for the Paralyzed†). The patient will not be able to do many things on his or her own. There are many ways to help the patient feel better, but it can be very difficult. Talking about his or her family is a good way to make them feel better (â€Å"Caring for the Paralyzed†). It is good to keep also talk about things they are interested in. Body Care Being paralyzed the patients cannot do many things except to lay in bed, which is why body care is very important to a paralyzed patient. If a paralyzed person lies still in a bed to long he or she will get pressure sores. When somebodyShow MoreRelatedWhy Volunteering Important?770 Words   |  3 PagesEdward â€Å"Ted† Kennedy, a former senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, once said, â€Å"Volunteer work goes on, the cause endures, the hope still lives, and the dreams shall never die.† (Kennedy, Ted) Merriam Webster defines â€Å"volunteerism† as the act or practice of doing volunteer work in community service. 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The Multi Tiered System Of Support Essay - 2040 Words

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Eighty-one percent of the children were 4-year old, 19% were 5-year-olds. â€Å"The gender was balanced, and included 36% African American, 31% White, 20% Hispanic/Latino, 10% mu lti-race, and 3% Asian. Approximately 23% of the children were ELLs. The mean percentage of children eligible for early childhood special education (with IEPs) was 11%. This also varied across program types with 15% of children in Head Start programs having IEPs and 3% of children in Tuition-Based programs. Regarding parent/caregiver educational attainment in the overall sample, 22% of parents reported having less than high school, 23% had high school diplomas or general education development (GED),Show MoreRelatedCase Study On A Multi-Tiered System Of Supports972 Words   |  4 Pagesis to focus on a Multi-Tiered System of Supports (M TSS). 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Using Psychometric Analyses A Case Study Of Abu Dhabi †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Using Psychometric Analyses A Case Study Of Abu Dhabi. Answer: Purpose Statement Psychometric assessment is a scientifically proven method of testing individuals metal capability to judge whether they are fit for working in an organization based on their behavioral style. It analyzes the personality characteristics and aptitude of candidates to understand if they have the necessary skills and mental ability that are required to execute tasks that are to be assigned to them by the employer. These tests help organizations to understand if the candidates are fit for the job they have applied for. The tests assist the employers to come up with accurate and specific predictions regarding the current and potential behavior of the individuals. Also, the employers can even make predictions about the behavior of the already existing employees (Floyd et al. 2015). The research will deal with the psychometric assessment tests of Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (AIDA) to understand the training needs of the specific organization and try to fathom whether these tests are, in e ffect, helpful. Aims The goal of the research is to analyze the psychometric assessment tests of AIDA and give a comprehensive understanding regarding the efficiency and actual positive effects of these tests. Test subjects, the candidates and existing employees, from the organization are to be questioned and tested; and based on the gathered results, the behavioral pattern of the individuals would be set and then those results are to be used to understand the effectiveness of the psychometric test patterns of the organization (Neuendorf 2016). This would help the company to understand whether the candidates are suitable for the work they are to be bestowed with. The research results would facilitate the employer to recruit the best candidates as well as aiding the organization to understand who are the most effective workers and retain employees accordingly. Hypothesis H1: Psychometric assessment tests of AIDA have positive effects on its employees H0: Psychometric assessment tests of AIDA have negative effects on its employees Designing the test The AIDA has planned its psychometric analysis test very meticulously, so that no information goes unattended, or no stones left unturned. The test would provide the organization with results, that would usher in potential candidates, who may have the capability to make the organization even bigger. The tests would also give vital insight about how should the training procedure be for each individual: the results that are generated would be unique in nature, which means, every individual will show completely different personality traits. That would mean the organization also has to harness different strategies for every individual (Schmidt and Hunter 2014). The research philosophy is supposed to pivot around positivism. According to this philosophy, the data that is gathered based on observation is the only type of data that can be trusted (Wei et al. 2015). The simple logic behind this is that, observation helps organizations to understand how individuals behave under certain conditions or how they react in specific situations. This observation allows organizations predict the movement and future behavior or the employees under similar conditions and stipulations. These research data are quantifiable (Raykov, Marcoulides and Patelis 2015). AIDA hopes to use positivism in the most efficient way, so that the candidates can turn over maximum data to the organization and this would enable the company to devise the training procedure in accordance to that. AIDA also aims to develop the skills of its already existing employees by observing their behavioral patterns as well. The research approach has been decided to be a deductive one. That would help AIDA to be optimal and most efficient while dealing with the gathered data. This type of research approach helps organizations to correctly reach a conclusion solely based on factual data which are directly provided by the employees themselves. The employers are also to be used to understand which specific behavior is being expected from the candidates or the existing employees. This would be handy information because the benchmark would be set in accordance to this. AIDA has decided to gather cross sectional data for its research purposes. This type of data is gathered for a specific point of time. The data, that is collected, comes from an array of participants from different demographics and other parameters are also in play. AIDA would successfully remove any assumption and replace them with tangible data which are measurable and can be further analyzed. Data is to be collected directly from the employers and some of the existing employees in the form of interviews. Random subjects are to be chosen who would take the tests. The answers that are gathered would be thoroughly examined and analyzed to come up with the most optimal of solutions, that would assist in chalking out the training process (Pedhazur and Schmelkin 2013). Samples The participants for the test are ten of the Board members of AIDA, who would help to understand the requirements of the organization from its employees and fifty employees of the same organization. The employees would be the best subjects for the test as they are the ones who are to be trained and tested by the organization. Equipment The employees would be given questionnaires describing different scenarios and asking them what step are they going to take. This would yield extremely useful results. These particular results would be analyzed extensively to understand the behavior patter. These questionnaires will be formed based on the basic requirements of the organization and the tasks that are expected of the employees. Analysis The entire analysis is to be done in a quantitative way, focusing on statistical data. These data are factual and can be measured through analytical and statistical ways to come up with quantifiable results that would be most helpful for the purpose at hand. References Floyd, R.G., Shands, E.I., Alfonso, V.C., Phillips, J.F., Autry, B.K., Mosteller, J.A., Skinner, M. and Irby, S., 2015. A Systematic Review and Psychometric Evaluation of Adaptive Behavior Scales and Recommendations for Practice.Journal of Applied School Psychology,31(1), pp.83-113. Neuendorf, K.A., 2016.The content analysis guidebook. Sage. Pedhazur, E.J. and Schmelkin, L.P., 2013.Measurement, design, and analysis: An integrated approach. Psychology Press. Raykov, T., Marcoulides, G.A. and Patelis, T., 2015. The importance of the assumption of uncorrelated errors in psychometric theory.Educational and Psychological Measurement,75(4), pp.634-647. Schmidt, F.L. and Hunter, J.E., 2014.Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage publications. Wei, T., Chesnut, S.R., Barnard-Brak, L. and Richman, D., 2015. Psychometric analysis of the Social Communication Questionnaire using an item-response theory framework: implications for the use of the lifetime and current forms.Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment,37(3), pp.469-480.

A New England Nun By Mary E WIlkins Essays - A New England Nun

A New England Nun by Mary E WIlkins In "A New England Nun", Mary E. Wilkins Freeman depicts the life of the classic New England spinster. The image of a spinster is of an old maid; a woman never married waiting for a man. The woman waiting to be married is restricted in her life. She does chores and receives education to make her more desirable as a wife. This leads to the allegories used in this short story. The protagonist life paralleled both of her pets' lives, her dog Caesar's and that of her little yellow canary. Both comparisons are of restriction and fear of freedom. The animals and the woman of this story are irreversible tamed by their captivity, and no longer crave freedom. Ideas of sin guilt and atonement are also present between the woman and the dog. These images typify nineteenth century beliefs of women and their place in society. This story of Louisa Ellis is an allegory for woman, and uses the levels of allegory ironically. The stories of the dog and the bird layer the theme to help represent Louisa's life, who in turn represents the Eighteenth century woman of society. Louisa's animals and their relationship to her suitor are further links between her and her pets. The suitor brings out different traits than the norm in both the animals and the woman of this story. The man's influence is seen as disruptive. Man is s een as a threat to the serenity and security of a spinster's life. Imagery put forth by this story, and by stereotypes of the day is of the new England spinster. Women who were not married yet, lived a life of chores and piousness. They learned their domestic chores and other things that would make them presentable as a wife. They did gardening work, read literature, mended clothing and the sort. These women were dependent on men to come and take them, to change their lives. Those who were not chosen were called old maids or spinsters. They typically were wealthy enough not work, so they lived a singular existence at their homes. Their homes became prisons. Leaving the home was possible but there was nothing out of their home environment, so they were left with no other choice but to lead their domestic life. The routine of their domestic chores became a part of their essence leading to the almost manic neatness of Louisa's home. Louisa was upset by Joe Dagget when he disturbs her autograph book and her gift book. She has a specific placement of the books. Joe transposes the order when he finished looking at them. This annoys her greatly, so she returns the books to their original order as if was compulsive. The order of her house like the structure of her life gave Louisa a sense of security. She becomes nervous if not angry when Joe later knocks over her work basket. The order of her house is so compulsively exact that she feels the need to remove his tracks from the rug. Joe Dagget and Louisa Ellis were engaged for over fourteen years. He went to Australia to make his fortune, while Louisa waited patiently for Joe's return. While Joe was away her mother and brother both died leaving her alone. She became used to solitude and even grew fond of it. When Joe returned he disturbed her life, just as he disturbed her work basket. Louisa's dog Caesar was chained up in the yard. He lived a lonely existence with only his dog house and a couple feet of chain in his world. Caesar was a prisoner of his home as Louisa was a prisoner to her's. The dog became accustomed to solitude and would not know any other way of existence. Joe came back after fourteen years to take Louisa away from her prison, but also would have freed the dog. Joe said " . . . and it's down- right cruel to keep him tied up there. Someday I'm going to take him out." Louisa objects to this fearing the animal nature of the dog that had laid dormantly for fourteen years. Around the same time as Louisa and Joe became engaged, Caesar bit one of

Essay of Wings of the Dove essays

Essay of Wings of the Dove essays Beautiful Kate Croy, who is still a young lady, has been left penniless by her relatives, with the loss of her mother and two brothers. Kate had lived with her wealthy widowed aunt, Mrs. Maud Manningham Lowder, since her mother fs death. She meets her wretched reprobate father, Lionel Croy, to offer him to live together and take care of him in England. However, he insisted that she should not come to him and rather stay with Aunt Maud. Aunt Maud has sharp interventions and is prodigious, that Lionel, and also Kate fs impoverished widowed sister, and Mrs. Marian Croy Condrip obeys to whatever she says. Marian encourages Kate to follow Maud fs wishes, hoping that she will have future financial benefit for her, as well. Kate has inherited a small amount income from her mother. Lionel is concerned whom she will share that income. There is an invisible wall between Lionel and Marian. He cares and cherishes Kate more than Marian, so he does not want to see the income being shared with Marian. Kate was told by Marian, that Aunt Maud was trying to make Lord Mark to marry Kate, though she has a boyfriend, Merton Densher who is a journalist. She met him at a party, and is passionately in love with now. He has the important aspects as a good man, yet in no way, he has the aspect of becoming wealthy. Aunt Maud certainly is not happy with him. In her eyes, he isn ft good enough for Kate. She expects a  ggreat man h for Kate fs husband. Maud plans to write him, but she is stopped by Kate that she should first meet him. Merton visits Lancaster Gate, Maud fs overly ornate residence. She doesn't act as Merton expected. In fact, she was bland and calm. She liked him because he was simply good. She doesn ft forbid his association with Kate though, but mentions that Kate would marry another man, a great a man. Merton makes plans to go on a journalist assignment in America. Feeling lonely, Kate proclaims her deep love and engages herself ...

Personal Development, Self-Management and Reflection Essay

Personal Development, Self-Management and Reflection - Essay Example Introduction Part 1: Self-Evaluation, Essential Skills As described by the Applied Personal and Professional Development Module, a skill is something one can learn, and then develop with further practice, reflection and refinement. While talent is something people are born with, skills are learned throughout the course of one’s life, and then further refined down the road. An individual talented in a certain field can quite easily excel there in no time flat, and may in fact go on to dominate that field completely. Both of these are definitely assets in any field, and HE training is no exception. Given proper training, even an otherwise unremarkable individual can surpass someone who is talented but lazy. Former US President Calvin Coolidge (n.d.) said it best when he said that ‘nothing in the world can take the place of persistence’, and that nothing is more common than someone who is talented yet unsuccessful. And in this regard, I for one am proud to say that w hile my own talent may yet be questioned, my persistence and drive have always been beyond reproach. Not only do I possess ample quantities of persistence and determination, I can also say that I have other virtues such as determination and commitment in spades. As I’m sure I’ve displayed at various points throughout the course, I’ve consistently remained on task no matter what happened, and rarely ever coasted. On the flip side, my time management leaves a lot to be desired, and I may not always be objective when it comes to self-evaluation – that is, at times I tend to either deemphasize or overemphasize my achievements. Procrastination is also another habitual problem for me, especially since I often find it hard to get anything done without a healthy (sometimes even beyond healthy) amount of time pressure to get my heart racing. And as for technical skills, I possess the skills highlighted by Steven and Fallows (1998) as being among the most important , such as skills in problem-solving, planning, and communication. These are said to be among the most important of all. All other important skills one will use in his school life as well as his career are rooted on these. Part 2: Action Plan One of my shortcomings when it comes to academic skills is the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in general, something cited by the UK Department for Employment and Learning (2011) to be among the essential skills for adults. As stated by its spokesperson Deidre McGill, the literacy and numeracy problems experienced by some adults have prevented them from reaching their full potential – which is exactly why they are problems within myself that need to be addressed the most. This being the case, I intend to sharpen my proficiency in making use of ICT, and am willing to take related crash courses should the need arise. Aside from this, I myself admit that I have some problems where information handling is concerned. Shei la Corrall (1998) of the University of Reading defines this as a set of skills including information sources, evaluation criteria, navigation methods, manipulation techniques and presentation issues – which is to say that I have difficulty at times in discerning which particular bits of information should be given greater emphasis, and how best to present them. That

Alliance Design analysis of alternatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alliance Design analysis of alternatives - Essay Example The industry Alliance Design Concepts is involved in is quite lucrative, and the company seems to be doing well, but it can do better. The challenges faced by the company are not new. In fact, they are common in all companies that conduct any form of purchases and that deal in different currencies as part of their operations. The crux of the matter lies in the strategy used to manage these issues, and not the fact that they exist. From the information provided, it is clear that the company is struggling to stay abreast of fluctuations in exchange rates and avoid the risk created by fluctuations in exchange rates. Looking at the processes and mechanisms the company uses in price quotation, equipment acquisition, and exchange rate management is not as effective as it should be. If they were effective, the company would not be experiencing the challenges it currently faces. It is safe to say that poor management is at the heart of Alliance Design Concept’s struggles. Better financial and management, together with efficient and effective operations management, is sufficient to get the company out of the rut. The company’s profit margins are good enough to give it a clean bill of health financially, but this will not be sustained for long if it keeps losing money through exchange rate fluctuations. In fact, since it has been stated that the company’s profit margins are affected by monies lost to the unpredictability of exchange rates, the profit margins may start reducing gradually until they reach worryingly low levels. Effective management, in any business, involves blocking all avenues through which funds are lost, and reducing expenditure as much as possible. Alliance Design Concepts’ failure to apply this fundamental business principle has significantly contributed towards the dwindling of its fortunes. The best way for Alliance Design Concepts to manage its issues is to streamline its processes and reduce any

Literature Review About Meter Reading Techniques Computer Science Essay

Literature Review About Meter Reading Techniques Computer Science Essay In this chapter we will explore more about how meter reading is done, the different type of techniques that exist to read meters, and automatic meter reading; specially the use of Bluetooth technology for automatic meter reading. A world wide view will be explored before we look to the context of Mauritius. Meters A meter is a device that can detects and displays the exact quantity of an element, substance or any quantifiable matter, may it be electrons, water, gas, glucose and many others. There are many uses of meters and in many different sectors of our world. For example, in health sector; meters are used to measure the level of glucose in the blood, to measure pulse rate, and many others. The utility sector, like gas, water or electricity companies, uses a very large numbers of meters. These companies have to monitor the usage of the resources used by their customers so that they can be charged for the amount they have used. There are also other meters like: gauss meters, geomagnetic meters, microwave meters, and many more. As we have seen, there are many sectors in which meters are being used; we cannot focus our attention in all of them. So, we will concentrate our effort in the utility sector, more specifically the one for electricity companies. Why this choice? Because Energy sector is a driving force in our world and that many developments and advances are thanks to electricity. So from here on we will focus our attention on that specific domain. Types of meters There are many types of meters depending on the area of use. The main types of electric meters are: Electromechanical Induction Meter (Standard Meter): It is a meter which counts the number of turns an aluminium disc does. The amount of electricity used is directly proportional to the number of revolutions of the aluminium disc. The electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours and the rate of charge remains constant all over the day. These types of meters are commonly used on single phase alternating current supply. Electronic Meters: These meters have an electronic display and make use of wireless technologies like Bluetooth, GSM and GPRS to transfer information about electrical consumption. They have inbuilt automatic sensors which helps to detect electrical energy theft or meter tampering. Prepaid meters: are like the standard meters; the only difference is that, instead getting a bill at the end of the month, it is a pay as you use service. I.e. the consumer pays in advance for the electricity consumption. Smart meter: These meters record the amount of electricity consumption for a certain period of time. The recorded data is then sent to the utility company for monitoring and billing purposes. Smart meters can transfer data from and to the meter, i.e. it is a two way communication. Meter reading Electric meters measure electricity mostly in kilowatt hour (kWh). One kilowatt hour is equal to the amount of energy used by a load of one kilowatt over a period of one hour, or 3,600,000 joules. The meter reading process is done periodically, so that consumers can be billed for that period of time. There are different methods used by different companies for metering. There are two ways that can be identified. Namely: the traditional way and new techniques. The traditional way, which uses the standard meter, can be described as: The meter reader goes to the consumers place. There, the meter reader reads the current value on the meter and note it down on the bill for the previous electricity consumption period. The bill is then given to the consumer. The meter reader will then enter the current value in the companys system, so that the consumer can be billed for that current period. The new techniques, which uses, electronic and smart meter are as follows: The meter reader makes use of new technologies to read the meter value, and meters have an electronic display. There are many different new techniques used for meter reading, and they will be further elaborated below. Automatic meter reading (AMR) Automatic meter reading (AMR), is the technology where data about consumption and the status of the meter device is collected automatically. The data is sent to a central database for it to be analysed and billing purpose. Meters for water, gas, and electricity can use the AMR technique. With the uses of AMR, there can be one way or two-way communication. In the one way communication, query is done only to know the reading value from the meter. Whereas in the two way communication; functions can also be implemented to the meter. Techniques for automatic meter reading There are several techniques for automatic meter reading; some of them are listed below. Touch Technology In the touch technology, a meter reader have a device, it may be a handheld computer or specialised data collection device. When the meter reader in close range to the meter; the latter press a button. A signal is sent firm the device to the meter and the reading of the meter is saved on the device. That saved data is downloaded to a data collection computer for billing purpose. This technique is also referred as on-site AMR, as the meter reader needs to go on site to read the meter reading. Radio Frequency Network As its name suggest, the network uses radio wave to communicate with the meters. There are automatic reading systems which uses the radio based technology such Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth and many others. Some of them are listed below. Handheld: a meter reader collects meter reading from meters which support AMR system. The meter reader carries a portable computer with a radio frequency receiver and transceiver which reads the meter readings value. [2] Mobile: it is also referred to as drive-by is a technique where the meter reading device is installed in a vehicle. The meter reader needs only to drive the vehicle along the path where the meters are found and the meter reading value is read automatically by the device installed in the vehicle. [2] Fixed network: it is a method where there is a network which is installed permanently to read meter reading. The network consists of many repeaters, collectors and a lot of other equipments so that values read are transferred to a central database. This method does not need the intervention of any human to read the metering value. Some time a hybrid AMR system is implemented so that when the fixed network goes down, the mobile system come into action. [2] Assessing the traditional meter reading and AMR The advantage and disadvantage of both traditional meter reading and AMR techniques are listed in the table below. Traditional Meter Reading Advantage Disadvantage Creation of job, as more people are needed to perform meter reading Social contact with consumers There can be error when reading the value. Difficult to detect fraud on meters. Some people consider the meter reader as an intruder in their privacy. Security of the person performing the reading the person may be attacked by dogs Table 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1: Traditional Meter Reading Automatic meter reading Advantage Disadvantage Enable theft detection. More accurate meter reading. Reduce operating cost. There is no need to enter consumers property (except for exceptional cases). If the system is down, billing will be affected. The use of radio waves can be a source of concern to a minority of people Table 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2: AMR Existing system using Automatic Meter reading There are many AMR systems implemented in many in different countries and using many of the different techniques listed above. Some of the existing AMR systems are listed: New Mexico Gas Company is using the AMR service. This has greatly helped to improve the working of the company. [4] The Ontario government introduced legislation on Nov. 3, 2005 to start the process of getting smart meters into every home and small business in the province by 2010. [5] Meridian Energy has started replacing traditional electricity meters with new smart electricity meters which will set a new benchmark for electricity retailing in New Zealand [6] Existing system of Bluetooth enable meter reading There are some companies which are using Bluetooth enabled meter for the reading of their meters, and there are some supplies of Bluetooth enabled meters. The topic is further developed below. Existing system Cambridge Consultants has delivered a prototype design of a Bluetooth-based radio module to the leading utility metering company, Actaris. Based on a single-chip Bluetooth device, the module provides new opportunities to drive down the cost of remote metering, allowing meters to be wireless-enabled at very low cost and opening the door to high-integrity consumer-activated schemes. Consumers with Bluetooth mobile phones, laptops or PDAs would have the option of taking meter readings themselves and communicating them to the utility company over the internet or GSM. [7] Bluetooth enabled meters suppliers There are many suppliers of Bluetooth enabled meters. Some of the suppliers are listed below. Landis+Gyr, is a company which design and manufactures electricity meters. This company have also design a Bluetooth reading system where they can read meters using Bluetooth. [8] Figure 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1: Bluetooth reader [8] Metex Corporation limited is a company which is manufacture meter readers, and the company has meters with Bluetooth technology. These meters can be used in an AMR system. [9] Current situation in Mauritius In Mauritius, we have the Central Electricity Board (CEB), Central Water Authority (CWA) and Waste Water Authority (WMA) as the main utilities companies. All these utilities companies are using the traditional way for their billing purposes. .I.e. a meter reader will go home by home and read their respective standard meter. The CEB is doing research on how to implement automatic meter reading and they have some electronic meters for testing purposes. CEB has also intention to implement prepaid meters. The AMR system on which CEB is experimenting consist of meter which has a modem. Then a communication is set with the modem and concerned data is read. That data is used for the billing purpose. As mentioned, the system is still at a testing phase, so a lot are still need to be done. To be able to implement AMR system all standard meters need to be changed to AMR supported meters, and meter readers need to be trained to be able to use the new system. Bluetooth Technology What is  Bluetooth? Bluetooth  is a wireless technology for short range communications which was developed to replace the cables connecting devices, may it be fixed or portable ones. Such devices are; mobile phones, printers, cameras, desktop computer, and many others. The Bluetooth  technology is a low power, low cost and maintains high levels of security. Bluetooth technology operates in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.485 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hopping, full-duplex signal at a nominal rate of 1600 hops/sec. [10] The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), an organization of several companies work together to maintain and develop the Bluetooth technology. [10] The name Bluetooth comes from Danish King Harold Bluetooth. He was influential in uniting warring factions in parts of what is now Norway, Sweden and Denmark. [11] Bluetooth technology can withstand interference from wireless technologies which uses the 2.4 GHz spectrum. Adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) of Bluetooth technology detects other devices in the spectrum and avoid the frequency they are using. [11] According to Martin Reynolds, an analyst with Gartner Groups Dataquest, The thing about Bluetooth is that it really will ship in the billions of units once it gains momentum. Its really a multibillion-dollar market. [12] Bluetooth Logo Figure 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2: Bluetooth logo [13] Bluetooth range Bluetooth radio waves use certain amount of energy and can goes up to a maximum of certain diameter. The table below show Bluetooth class and its limit up to where it can go. Class Power use (mW) Range (approximate) in meters 1 100 100 2 2.5 10 3 1 1 Table 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ3: Bluetooth class range BLUETOOTH Network There are two type of network: Piconet: is made up of one master and one or more slaves but only up to a maximum of seven active slaves at a time. The device initiating the connection automatically becomes the master and is the master of the piconet. Slaves may not communicate directly with each other; they can only communicate with the master and transfer data when they are granted transmission time by the latter. Slaves synchronize their frequency hopping with the master using the masters clock and Bluetooth address. Figure 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ3: Typical piconet [14] Scatternet: Multiple piconets with overlapping coverage areas form a scatternet. Each piconet may have only one master, but slaves may participate in different piconets on a time-division multiplex basis. A device may be a master in one piconet and a slave in another or a slave in more than one piconet. Figure 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ4: Typical scatternet [15] Bluetooth protocol stacks The Bluetooth protocol stack allows Bluetooth devices from different manufactures to work with one another. Some of Bluetooth protocol stacks   LMP (Link Management Protocol); configure and control links to other devices.   L2CAP (Logical Link Control Adaptation Protocol); links upper layer protocols over the Baseband and the passing on of quality of service information. RFCOMM (Cable replacement protocol): protocol provides emulation of serial ports over the L2CAP protocol.   Service Discovery Protocol; provide a way for discovering services provided by or available through a Bluetooth device. It also allows applications to know about the characteristics of the services which are available.   HCI (Host/Controller Interface); access the hardware status and control register. It also provides a command interface to the Link Manager and Baseband Link Controller. Bluetooth radio is a transceiver which transmits and receives modulated Bluetooth radio waves for the devices. Figure 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ5: Bluetooth protocol stacks [15] Bluetooth profiles Bluetooth profiles help two devices which have the same profile to communicate with each other. Each Bluetooth device must support at least one profile. There are a wide range of Bluetooth profiles that explain many different types of applications. Generic Access Profile (GAP): Provides the basis Bluetooth functionality for all profiles. Some of the functionalities are like setting up L2CAP links, handling security modes and discoverable modes. Serial Port Profile (SPP): Provides serial port (RS-232) emulation based on the RFCOMM part of the Bluetooth stack. Dial Up Networking Profile (DUNP): Defines how to a Bluetooth device can be used as a Dial Up Networking gateway FAX Profile: Defines how a Bluetooth device can be used as a FAX gateway Headset Profile: Defines what is required to transfer audio e.g. a wireless Bluetooth headset LAN Access Point Profile: Defines how a Bluetooth device can be used as a LAN access point Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP): Provides support for the OBjext EXchange (OBEX) protocol over Bluetooth links Object Push Profile: Defines how to exchange vCard and vCalendar objects, based on the GOEP File Transfer Profile: Defines functionality of how to navigate through folders and copying, deleting or creating a file or folder on a Bluetooth device, based on the GOEP. Figure 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ6 : Bluetooth Profiles [16] THE ADVANTAGES OF BLUETOOTH Short transmission range up to a maximum of 100 meters with class 1. Low Power: Bluetooth takes relatively low power, thus it is suitable for devices with restricted battery capacity. Interoperability: as it have standardised protocols. Robustness: capable of operating in an environment strongly where there are many other radio waves Technologies for developing the system There are many phase for the development of a system and there are many tools available for their development. Two categories can be identified for a system; hardware and software. The hardware part is the part that can be hold by hands and move if it is portable. The software part can be seen as the one who make the hardware works correctly. Without the software, the hardware cannot be used fully. Programming language There are a series of programming languages that are available to programmers to code systems. Each programming language has an area of application where it is better. Some of the programming languages are listed below. Java Java is cross platform and GNU General Public License  programming language. Java is an object-oriented, class-based, general-purpose, and concurrent language. It is intended to let application developers write once, run anywhere. Java programming languages is used in many systems ranging from applications software to web applications. Java can be use for Bluetooth programming. Java Communication Process (JCP) developed JSR 82, Java API for Bluetooth, so that Bluetooth enabled devices can be code easily using J2ME. Integrated development environment (IDE) help to code with java, some examples are: NetBeans The NetBeans IDE is written in Java and needs JVM run. It can run on different operating system like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Solaris. A JDK is required for the functionality of Java development. Netbeans also has a GUI design tool that help developers to design GUIs. Eclipse Eclipse was mostly written in java and can be used to develop java application. There are a lot of plug-in which helps to for development. J2ME J2ME is Java platform used to code embedded devices, like mobile phones. Java ME source code is licensed under the GNU General Public License. J2ME can be use to code systems with wireless connection. C programming language C is a general-purpose computer programming language that can run on many platforms. C can be use for developing portable application software. Python Python is a multi-paradigm programming language and it is cross platform, i.e. it can work on different operation systems. Python can be use for Bluetooth programming. Visual Basic.Net (VB.Net) Visual basic is implemented on .Net framework. VB.Net was designed by Microsoft and it is an object oriented language. Relational Database Management System (RDMS) Some of RDMS are listed below: MySQL MySQL is a relational database management system which is released under the GNU General Public License. It offers multi-user access to databases and it is cross platform software. PostgreSQL PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) and it is released under PostgreSQL License. Thus it can be modified and distributed in any form desired. Web Server A Web server is responsible to process users request and reply back. The replies are mainly HyperText Markup Language (HTML) documents. Web servers are mainly used t host Web sites. Apache HTTP Server Apache HTTP Server is a Web server which is licensed under Apache License 2.0, which means that it is an open source HTTP server. It is platform independent, highly secure and efficient. Internet Information Server (IIS) IIS was created and is owned by Microsoft. There is need to buy it license to use it. Web Development Tools There are many server side scripting languages that are used. Some of them are listed below: PHP PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a general-purpose scripting language that was designed for web development so as to have dynamic web pages. PHP can work on most servers and operating system. ASP.NET ASP.NET allows programmers to build dynamic web pages, web services and web application. It is a web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft. Hardware Some of the hardware that can be used is listed below. Mobile phone Mobiles phones have become a common electronic device. It offers many options than just make call and send messages. Nowadays we can access the Internet via mobile phones, and there are many applications that where developed on mobile phone. New generation mobile phones are equipped with camera and Bluetooth. Laptop/ Computers Computer is like the tool that enables programmers to work. All most all programming languages, not to say all, can work on computers. They are also equipped with many wireless devices like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Embedded devices There are embedded devices that are designed specifically to do certain things. Some examples are: MP3 player, washing machines, Bluetooth meter reader, and many others. Evaluation of Tools Programming language The programming language is what will help to make the software. Each programming language has positive and negative points depending on the type of software that need to be developed. The pros and cons of certain programming languages are listed below. J2ME Pros Cons Offer better networking capability Available on various platforms J2ME applications are portable Rich user interface Robust security features. There is a wide range of mobiles which support Java, thus having wide range of mobile phone that can be used. Midlet cannot access all native resources without authorization. Application need to adapt for phones which have different CLDC, MIDP, JSR and Bluetooth. Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ4: J2ME Java Pros Cons Java code can work on many different platforms. Java is secure, robust and reliable. Java provides use of multithreading. Java is object oriented and allows creation of modular programs and reusable code. Java have an API for Bluetooth programming Java is slower and consumes more memory when compared to languages such as C or C++. Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ5: Java Web Servers Web servers are what will enable the data to be access over a network in a convenient way. There are a lot of web servers, some of them are described below. Apache Pros Cons Apache is open and thus can be customised easily according to requirements Multi-platform. It runs on a wide variety of operating systems, including all variants of UNIX, Windows 9x/NT, and Mac OS Apache is not regularly updated Requires more technical knowledge to install and configure Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ6: Apache IIS Pros Cons GUI mode installation. Works with a wide range of operating systems and browsers. Source code is proprietary. Can only work within Windows environment. Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ7: IIS Web Development Languages Web development language will be used to code for application at server side. There is a wide pool of language that is available. Some of them are listed below with their some of their pros and cons. PHP Pros Cons PHP is free and easy to use. PHP help to interact with database easily. Can support many operating systems, like Windows, Linux and Mac OS. PHP engine need to be installed on server to use PHP. Debugging can be lengthy for complex program. Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ8: PHP ASP.NET Pros Cons ASP.NET code is compiled at server before being sent to the browser; thus faster. ASP.NET pages are simple to write and can cope with heavy traffic without affecting performance adversely ASP.NET runs on only windows platform. ActiveX objects are platform specific, thus it will not work easily on many Web servers. Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ9: ASP.Net RDBMS Relational Database Management System (RDMS) will be used to store all data. It is very important as all sensitive data will be there and data will be used to do billing purpose. MySQL Pros Cons Easy to use. Free and Open source system. Runs on a range of different platforms. Can handle large sets of data. It is secure. Passwords are encrypted Recovery of database is not guaranteed in case of a power cut. Operates over known IP ports which facilitate the task of intruders Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ10: MySQL PostgreSQL Pros Cons It is a free and Open source software PostgreSQL can work on different platform PostgreSQL is very scalable and extensible It is slow compared to MySQL Lacks binary distribution for all the supported platforms. Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ11: PostgresSQL Choice of Final Tools Java is appropriate for the desktop application as it can work on many different platforms and have an API for Bluetooth. J2ME is used for the mobile application development as many mobile phones can support java and have an API for Bluetooth. Bluecove API for Bluetooth programming as it is open source and support java. PHP will be used for the web application as it is free and easy to interact with database. MySQL is more suitable for database system as it is free and work well with Web servers. Design The design section gives an overview of the structure of the software and architecture of the system. It also includes the data involved, the interfaces between system components, algorithm and protocol to be used for the system implementation. System Design Issues Several system design issues like performance, quality of service, fault tolerance, and security, which are important in the design of a system, are discussed below. Performance Issues The performance issues are concerned with the limitation of computers in term of processing power and communication capacities. These issues can be described in the followings ways: Responsiveness: It is how fast the system processes given input to give an output. The use of threading allows multiple tasks to process simultaneously. Threads can be used for processor intensive process. Threads can be implemented in Java Environment. Applications running on networks depend greatly on the load and performance of servers and also the network load itself. Server and network load balancing can be used to prevent them from being overloaded. Such technique is beyond the scope of this project. When using the Internet, there is a probability of communication delays and data being corrupted, this beyond of ones control. Throughput: It is of the system corresponds to the amount of data transmitted between the client and server in a given time interval. On a wireless network is takes a long time to establish connection between the server and the client and the latency time of HTTP is significantly high. So, the number of HTTP round trips in the application must be kept to the strict minimum. Robustness Robustness is the ability of the system to operate in the presence of incorrect input or cope with errors when the system is running. Validations check like length check and data type check can be used to prevent wrong input and catch errors where shared resources are being accessed. Interactivity Interaction with the system can be in many different ways. Data or command input to the system will make it produce certain result. Some of the ways that can interact with the system are listed below. The use of graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate user to communicate with the system. Providing options and menus where possible instead of typing data. Users using the mobile application need to enter data via phone keypad. Use of meaningful icons, so that user can interact quickly with the system. Flexibility The web application can support multiple users at a time and can receive and process multiple requests a time. The system must be able to cope if there is significant increase in the number of users and additional resources can be added if needed to. Portability The mobile application can be run on Java enabled mobiles phones which support MIDP 2.0. The web application can run on multiples types of servers. Limit size of JAR file The mobile application has limited resources to use. So the application is obfuscated to reduce its size. The obfuscation process helps to remove unused classes and libraries. Error, Exception Handling and Fault Tolerance The application should continue to work correctly in presence of software, hardware and network faults. Errors will be caught in try-catch blocks to alert user of the error. Security Security is one of the focal point of a system. There is no system on earth which can be tagged as impenetrable. What can be done is, to make the system less vulnerable to attacks. The system needs to protect data from unauthorized users. The ways to protect the system is listed below. Users need a username and password to be able to access the system. User will be identified and authenticated before they can use the system. The database will be protected with password. Architectural Design In this section, the different components of the system are illustrated and how they interact between them. Overall Architecture The system is made up of three main components: the meter, the mobile application and the server application. The mobile application will be used to read a value via Bluetooth from the meter and will send that value via mobile network operator to the server. The connection between the mobile and the server is done via wireless connection such as GPRS, WAP, EDGE or Wi-Fi. The meter will be a simulated meter on a laptop that will be accessed via Bluetooth by a mobile application. The server will be used to host the web site and connect to the database. That database will be used to store all information needed. The figure below shows the overall architecture. Figure 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ7: Overall architecture Detailed architecture Figure 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ8: Component diagram <

Sexual Empowerment of Women in Behns The Willing Mistress and The Disa

Sexual Empowerment of Women in Behn's The Willing Mistress and The Disappointment     Ã‚   "All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn, . . . for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds." (Woolf 91) Born in 1640, Aphra Behn broke gender stereotypes when she undertook a thrilling (if unrewarded) life as a spy for the Crown, but it was her scandalous career as an author which truly achieved many firsts for women. She was the first woman to support hereself financially by solely relying on the profession of writing, and many readers argue that Oroonoko--her passionate tale about the institution of slavery--was the first English novel. She was certainly one of the first female authors to write candidly about sexuality: in fact, she both broke new ground and challenged conceptions of patriarchal power when she wrote about women's empowerment through sexuality. In her poems "The Willing Mistress" (from her play The Dutch Lover, 1673) and "The Disappointment" (1680), Behn creates situations of bold sexual mischief in which female characters are aware of, comfortable with, and even thrive off their sexuality. Not only was it virtually unheard of for a woman of Behn's time to express herself openly as a sexual being, but it was also explicitly forbidden by cultural precepts for a woman to so aggressively take charge of her own physical desires and satisfaction, as Behn's characters do. Previously, men were in control of most sexual situations--both in real life and in literature. Behn, however, creates a playing field where the traditional roles not only do not apply but are subverted. Urged to seize the day, Behn's willing mistress does so, following her lover into the bushes and co... ...dent women created from Behn's mind refute her era's consensus that ... Behn conveys that women can control their own destiny; they can hold the power. Although these sentiments were certainly ahead of their time, they did help pave the way for future generations of women to express themselves honestly, sexually or otherwise. For that, all women are indeed eternally indebted to Aphra Behn. Works Cited Behn, Aphra. "The Disappointment." The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women. 2nd ed. Eds. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar. New York: Norton, 1996. 112-115. ---. "The Willing Mistress." Norton. 111. Bradstreet, Anne. "A Letter to Her Husband, Absent Upon Public Employment." Norton. 89. Woolf, Virginia. "Aphra Behn." Excerpted from A Room of One's Own. Reprinted in Virginia Woolf: Women and Writing. Ed. Michele Barrett. New York: Harvest, 1979. 89-91.

History of graphic design Essay

To understand the nature and characteristics of visual communication, first it is important to define visual communication. Well, as the name suggests, it is communication of ideas and information through visual representation and display. Basically, it involves photography, signs, art and typography. However, recent studies and research on the subject have revealed that now visual communication is a more focused term, involving mainly web and graphic designs used for advertising. Earlier, visual communication was not a commercialised phenomenon. The first time an outdoor public space was rented for advertising purpose was in USA in the late 1860’s. However, until the early 20th century, advertising was unregulated in the United States. Ranging from products such as drugs, oils and ointments, any thing could be sold without proper verification. For instance, the advertisement of the of Merchant’s Gargling Oil, 1894, shows the oil to be ‘A Liniment for Man and Beast’ and below it is inscribed that yellow wrapper was for animal and white for beast. Companies selling such products could easily deceive people by selling of a same potion, wrapped differently. The rise of graphic designing and advertising, as complimentary to each other, was seen in the late 19th century as business directories started using different type sizes for the names of various companies, so as to identify each company and the products that it sold. Then advertisements promising job opportunities and a high standard of living and attracting people to come and settle in particular states, became popular. Here again, a very good example is the sunset magazine cover, published din 1904. The cover image displayed California, the ‘Golden State’ as a paradise with fruit orchards and 2 History of graphic design 3 pleasure for the youth. to change its image. The 19th century was however, characteristic of a stale and stagnant designing strategy. But, in the early 20th century, the graphic designers started to use the sans-serif font. Although the change was not significant, it was a slow evolution of graphic designing. They did not have the advantage of computer use and software products like Adobe InDesign, Adobe Photoshop, QuarkXPress and Corel Graphics Suite, just to name a few. Creating designs with the use of technology was a very challenging and arduous task. However, in 1890s, Frederic Goudy’s ‘The Inland Press, 1898, and Printer’s Ink, were among the first publications designed to serve the graphic designing world with technical knowledge. There are great names that had emerged and gained popularity in the early 20th century itself. One such designer was Eric Gill, a well known British typographer, sculptor and engraver. His first successful work was ‘Mother and Child’ created in 1912. Gill invented the Perpetua typescript on the foundation of Classical Roman letters for Morison in 1925. Herbert Bayer born in 1900 was another famous designer of this period. He invented a vivid visual style of designing and believed in clear simplification. Herbert Bayer became the art director of the Berlin affiliate of Vogue magazine in 1928. With graphics designing gaining ground as a coveted profession and increased use of technology in the industry, there has been no looking back.

Industrial Revolution Essay - 913 Words

The Industrial Revolution was a innovative period between mid 18th century through the 19th century, making people go from a predominantly agricultural existence into a more urban lifestyle. Starting after year 1750, all the factors that combined, made Great Britain the best place for industrialization. The primary assessment that made it possible was the invention of machines that could do work that was previously done by hand. This allowed production to shift from inside homes into factories. During the time of the industrial revolution new inventions were plentiful and helped to revolutionize the way in which people lived. These five innovations made Industrial Revolution possible, Steam Power, Capitalism, Representative Government,†¦show more content†¦And today we are designing robots and other objects to help us with everyday needs from technology the stem machine was made with. The capitalism system was one of the most productive systems in history and humankind, the average life expectancies have more than doubled when the capitalism system went into effect. Capitalism was a system at odds with its own self and means free market. The system was economics under which ownership of investment in the means of production and distribution depends chiefly upon corporations and independent individuals. Instead of humankind controlling the direction of its own progress, humanity is at the compassion of an economic system which it has itself created. Capitalism was adapted by More food, water, clothing and shelter being produced using few less labour than ever before. It would seem that the material problems of survival was starting to become solved. The great impact that the capitalism system left on us, is everything as we still to this day use the capitalism system. Representative Government is an electoral system, where people vote to elect running candidates to represent their very own interests. The member elected meets for debates, and makes new designed laws on all behalfs of the society instead of the people voting for their own made up laws. It has been adapted quickly by news programs and media, the media blows up news all over the internet and television nowadays.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Industrial Revolution1489 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment. Industrial revolution was so fundamental that it’s often compared with the transition from farming to stock raising, which began several thousand years before the birth of Christ. Considering the uses of natural resources, can human history be dived up into three pieces of varying length; hundreds of thousands years before â€Å"the agricultural revolution†, thousands of years between this and the Industrial revolution and the two hundreds years after the beginning of Industrial revolution. 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